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Library Science – Degrees, Cost, and Job Opportunities

Library science is a traditional and popular field of study that goes beyond acquiring, classifying, and managing books in a library. Librarians, who are specialized individuals with a desire to serve and engage their community, often carry a deep understanding of information architecture, cataloging systems, and digital databases. They also authenticate historical and legal documents.

Library Science – Degrees, Cost, and Job Opportunities
There are several jobs and online courses that can help one to get into this field.

What is library science?
Library science, also referred to as information studies, is a field of study that focuses on preserving data and objects that form an integral part of knowledge and literacy on all types of media. Those with a degree in library science are called librarians, and their key responsibility is to connect users with information, acquire knowledge materials, organize, catalog, classify, and manage them using different systems, disseminate information resources, and much more. Apart from public or legal libraries, library science skills are also used in industries like publishing, music, and technology.

Types of library science degrees
1. Bachelor’s in library and information science
This is a four-year entry-level graduation course that allows students to pursue a career in library and information science. This is a mandatory course if one wants to pursue a master’s degree in the field. The curriculum may vary slightly from school to school, but by the end of the bachelor’s course, students will be well versed with concepts like ethics of information use and international and domestic policies, research methods, record archiving, taxonomies, and technical process of indexing and acquiring physical records. In recent years, students are also prepared to work with digital records, like software, hardware, and networks used for their management. In some schools, this course may be optional, but it’s a good idea to opt for it since it will equip students with essential skills required for the digital era.

2. Master’s in library science
A master’s degree in library science, which is usually a two-year specialization course, is mandatory for most types of librarian jobs. But one can also have a teaching certificate along with a bachelor’s in library science to get attractive placements. For some jobs, one may have to graduate from a library school or university, particularly licensed by the American Library Association (ALA).

3. Doctorate library science programs
Those wanting to get a doctorate in library science can opt for a doctorate in Information Technology or a Ph.D. in library and information science. A doctorate can further train students in research-based dissertations, computer networking and operating systems, and systems analysis and design.

Online library science courses
Both bachelor’s and master’s degrees can be done either online or on-campus. However, a doctorate degree usually necessitates faculty and student interaction. Having said that, for the two basic library science degrees, there are hundreds of online courses offered by reputable institutions. These online courses offer flexibility and are usually more affordable than their traditional counterparts, but both are equally reputable in the job market. Many popular online master’s programs can help students to develop technical skills, including media utilization and principles and basics of web design and evaluation. Recently, many colleges have begun offering a hybrid mode of study, where students can take some coursework online and some on campus.

Specializations within library science
Some of the sought-after specializations within library science include studies in digital libraries, archives and records management, rare manuscripts, and school libraries. One can pursue these specializations in a master’s degree program, which also makes it a popular choice among students. Some colleges also offer a dual online degree (part-time or full-time), like Masters of Business Administration – Library and Information Science. These degrees and specializations can help students get placements not just in libraries and archives but also in government, business intelligence agencies, entertainment studies, corporations, museums, cultural organizations, and many information centers.

General cost of library science degrees online
The cost of online courses varies vastly depending on the colleges, the faculty, and the duration of the course. On average, though, an online master’s degree in library science can go up to $12,394 for a public institute. If one opts for a private institute, it can cost about $28,445.

Library science degree jobs
Apart from a librarian, there are several other career opportunities that a library science graduate or post-graduate can pursue. Some of them include the following:

Library technician
Those with a bachelor’s degree may be able to acquire a position as a library technician. This person usually assists the main librarian, catalogs files, and helps students locate records and use library resources. One can expect to get about $40,000 annual salary for the job of a technician.

Digital archivist
These candidates specialize in historical records and their collection, organization, classification, and overall management. They also create and maintain the metadata for these records for easy access and retrieval. One can expect nearly $60,000 annual income for an archivist job.

Outreach librarian
Also called outreach coordinators, they are mainly involved in organizing, promoting, and managing outreach programs that invite new and old patrons to the library and boost reading habits among the communities. As an outreach coordinator, one must have strong interpersonal skills, public reactions, and communication skills.

Apart from these, one can also be a digital asset manager, knowledge management specialist, metadata librarian, or a professor in library science.

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An Overview Of Colon Polyps
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An Overview Of Colon Polyps

An overview of colon polyps Colon polyps are small clumps of cells formed on the lining of the colon. The majority of these polyps tend to be harmless, but with time, there are certain polyps that can easily grow into colon cancer. This is a serious condition, especially when found in the later stages. Almost any individual can develop colon polyps. People who are over 50 years of age are at an increased risk of suffering from this condition. Even smokers and overweight individuals or people with a family or personal history of colon polyps might be at an increased risk of suffering from this condition. Colon polyps – causes are slightly known, but this condition rarely causes any symptoms. Therefore, for individuals who are at risk of developing the condition, it is important to have screening tests on a regular basis. These will include a colonoscopy. Polyps found in the early stages can conveniently be removed. They can be removed completely in a very safe manner. Regular screening is the best step for the prevention of colon polyps. What are the colon polyps – causes? Doctors do not exactly know the causes of colon polyps, but they are of the view that polyps are a result of abnormal tissue growth. The human body develops healthy cells in a periodic manner, thus replacing the old cells that tend to be damaged or are no longer required. The division and growth of these new cells is regulated. However, there are cases when the new cells develop and then divide before they are actually needed. It is this excessive growth that results in polyps. Packaged red meat is also one of the most common colon polyps – causes. Fiber deficiency in the body. High-fat diet taken in excessive amounts. Smoking cigarettes. Obesity is also one of the major colon polyps – causes. Inherited conditions such as Gardener syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome might also put an individual at an increased risk of having colon polyps. What signs and symptoms do colon polyps show? Majority of the individuals suffering from colon polyps do not show any symptoms. They are actually unaware of the fact that they have polyps, because they feel very well. Bleeding from the rectum is one of the most common symptoms of colon polyps. Blood in the stool can also be a sign of colon polyps. Blood might make stool look black, or there can be red streaks in stool. A feeling of tiredness due to anemia and not having sufficient iron in the body are common symptoms. It is the bleeding from the polyps that can result in an iron deficiency and anemia. Several other health issues might also result in these signs. Nevertheless, if rectum bleeding or blood in the stool are everyday phenomena, a consultation with a doctor is vital. How can colon polyps be prevented? Knowing the colon polyps – causes can help prevent the condition. However, there are other important steps that can be followed in trying to prevent this condition. They are as listed: Regular screenings. Lifestyle changes can also be of help in doing away with the colon polyps – causes, and, consequently, prevent them. Adopting healthy habits such as eating fruits, whole grains, and vegetables and reducing fat intake can help in the prevention of colon polyps. Limiting the intake of alcohol and quitting tobacco. Staying active physically and maintaining a healthy body weight is also important. When should one see a doctor? A general physician must be consulted in case of the following: Blood in the stool Abdominal pain Changes in bowel habits for more than a week It is important for one to have a word with their physician regarding their intake of vitamin D and calcium. This is because studies have proved that increasing the intake of food items rich in vitamin D and calcium can help prevent the recurrence of polyps. However, this is not completely clear. It is important to consider all the options, especially if one is at a very high risk of suffering from colon polyps.
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The Types Of Colon Polyps And Their Prevention
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The Types Of Colon Polyps And Their Prevention

The types of colon polyps and their prevention Growths that occur on the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) and usually protrude into the colon are known as colon polyps. They form when the genetic material within the cells that line the colon changes and becomes abnormal. Under normal circumstances, the immature cells that line the colon multiply, mature, and then die in a timely fashion. On the other hand, the genetic changes in the lining cells prevent the cells from maturing, and they don’t die. Resultantly, immature and genetically abnormal cells start accumulating in the colon, eventually resulting in the formation of polyps. This article intends to raise awareness about colon polyps, its types, symptoms, diagnosis, the colon polyps – causes, and more. What are the types of colon polyps? Inflammatory colon polyps : Also known as false polyps, it is mostly found in people who have inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. These polyps are inflammatory manifestations of IBD, are benign, and are unlikely to become cancerous. Adenomatous colon polyps : Also known as adenomas, this type of colon polyps make up about 70% of all polyps found in the colon. They can become cancerous, but the process takes years. Hyperplastic colon polyps : The term hyperplasia means fast growth, which indicates an abnormal increase in the number of cells resulting in the gross enlargement of the colon polyp. Despite the rapid growth, hyperplastic polyps have a low risk of turning cancerous. Villous adenoma : This type of colon polyp has a greater potential of becoming cancerous. It is estimated that approximately 30 percent of villous adenomas develop into a malignancy. These polyps require surgery for the removal of their cauliflower-like protrusions. What are the causes of colon polyps? Experts are not sure about the colon polyps – causes. However, the causes are believed to be a mix of environmental and genetic factors that result in an abnormal tissue growth. What are the known risk factors of colon polyps? Age : The risk of developing colon polyps tends to increase with age. Family history : A close relative with colon cancer or polyps raises the risk. Sex : Men have a slightly higher chance of developing polyps. Race : Black men and women have a higher risk. Alcohol : Alcohol consumption is closely linked to colon cancer risk and is known as one of the colon polyps – causes. Red meat : If not had in moderation, red meat can serve as one of the colon polyps – causes. Having too much red meat increases the risk of colorectal cancer as well. Lack of dietary fiber : A good intake of fiber has many benefits, including colon benefits. It decreases the risk of colon cancer. Smoking : Smoking increases the risk of all types of cancers, and colon polyps or cancer is no exception. Obesity : Obese people are at higher risk of developing colon polyps and cancer. How are colonic polyps diagnosed? The following tests help diagnose colon polyps: Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Barium enema CT colonography Stool test What are the symptoms of colon polyps? Change in stool color Rectal bleeding Iron deficiency Anemia Change in bowel habits Abdominal pain Blood in the stool Fatigue How common are colon polyps? They are very common. They increase in prevalence as people age. If one has colon polyps, they are more likely to develop polyps elsewhere in the colon later. Only a small proportion of polyps cause symptoms or signs, which usually are the result of bleeding from the polyp. How can colon polyps be prevented? Adopt healthy habits : Adopt healthy habits and increase the intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit fat intake, alcohol consumption, and quit tobacco. Stay physically active and maintain a healthy weight. Avoid all the estimated colon polyps – causes. Seek advice if at high risk : If there’s a family history of colon polyps or its other risk factors affect one, seeking prompt medical advice and counseling is important. With regular colonoscopies, one can prevent the colon polyps – causes from developing, and hence preventing the colon from developing.
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What Are The Causes And Symptoms Of External Hemorroids
Health & Wellness

What Are The Causes And Symptoms Of External Hemorroids

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Home Remedies To Relieve Pain And Discomfort Due To Hemorrhoids
Health & Wellness

Home Remedies To Relieve Pain And Discomfort Due To Hemorrhoids

Home remedies to relieve pain and discomfort due to hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids are also known as “piles” as they are swollen or inflamed veins in and around the anus region of the body that cause severe pain, along with distress and bleeding. The swelling is caused due to increased pressure around the area or due to an injury during a bowel movement. It is a very common condition that may occur in the middle ages for both men and women. However, there are numerous options available to treat it. Many people can get relief from hemorrhoids by following major lifestyle changes and precautions; in severe cases, surgical intervention may be required. Who is at risk of hemorrhoids? People in their 50s are generally likely to get hemorrhoids; otherwise, people who can be at risk are as follows: Pregnant women Obese people Constipation Those sitting for long periods on the toilet seat Those who have low fiber intake in their regular diet Those with an injury caused by a bowel movement What are the symptoms? The various symptoms of hemorrhoids are these: Painless bleeding during bowel movements Severe itching around the anus Discomfort and unbearable pain while sitting Swelling or inflammation around the anal region How is hemorrhoids diagnosed? Hemorrhoids are generally diagnosed by looking at it visually. The other ways to test and detect hemorrhoids include those listed here: Digital rectal examination : In this test, the doctor will first check the anus canal and rectum visually and then decide to go for the digital rectal examination. The doctor will use their finger with gloves and insert it in the rectum to feel any abnormalities or growths for identification of hemorrhoids. Sigmoidoscopy : It is a test done by the doctor when the internal hemorrhoids are difficult to diagnose as they are often soft to be felt during the rectal exam. Sigmoidoscopy is done using a small camera around the anal canal area or the lower part of the rectum. Colonoscopy : This is done by the doctor to detect hemorrhoids in cases when the patient is detected with some other digestive disorders, when there is a risk of colorectal cancer, or when the patient has been through colonoscopy recently. In this test, the patient is given medicines before the test to feel drowsy and relaxed. The doctor inserts the camera with a tube into the lower end of the rectum right up to the other end to be able to see the internal parts in the camera for a specific examination. What are some prevention measures for hemorrhoids? There are various ways to avoid getting hemorrhoids, which include these: Sufficient amount of water intake Regular exercise Fiber included in the diet Active life Avoiding constipation Eating moderate food that is easy to digest What are the home remedies to treat hemorrhoids? Hemorrhoid cures and treatment can also be done using popular home remedies, which are as mentioned: Eating fiber-rich food : The regular diet should include fruits, vegetables, grains, and lots of liquids. This will help avoid acidity and will help in smooth digestion. This will also help avoid any injury to the blood vessels in the rectum area. Aloe vera : This is an incredible natural product that is beneficial to mankind in numerous ways, and it is also helpful in treating hemorrhoids. Application of aloe vera will help in reducing the irritation and itching in the rectum area. Sitz bath : This treatment is advised by the doctor to help the patient with hemorrhoids. It involves sitting in warm water for 15-20 minutes for 3-4 times a day to get relief from pain. Cleanliness : The physical practitioner will also give directives to keep the area clean and dry to avoid any further infections. Avoid perfumed or chemical-based products and keep the area dry as much as possible. Soothing wipes : Soft wet wipes can be used to clean and soothe the area from swelling. Stool softeners : In the form of liquids or tablets, these can be advised by the doctor to avoid constipation and help in easy and quick bowel movements, which will help in getting relief from pain. Cold compress : Ice packs or cold compresses to the rectum or anal area will help in relieving swelling and inflammation of the blood vessels. Witch hazel : This can be applied directly to the affected area to help reduce pain and itching.
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